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  • The Writings of Nichiren Daishonin I/II
    • Volume I
    • Volume II
  • The Lotus Sutra and Its Opening and Closing Sutras
  • The Record of the Orally Transmitted Teachings
  • The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism

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Hinayana Buddhism | Dictionary of Buddhism | Nichiren Buddhism Library
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  • Hachiman

    [八幡]

  • Hakiri Sanenaga

    [波木井実長] (1222–1297)

  • Haklenayashas

    [鶴勒夜那・鶴勒夜奢] (n.d.) (;  Kakurokuyana or Kakurokuyasha)

  • Hall of the Good Law

    [善法堂] ( Sudharman;  Zembō-dō)

  • Han-kuang

    [含光] (n.d.) (PY Hanguang;  Gankō)

  • Harivarman

    [訶梨跋摩] (n.d.) (;  Karibatsuma)

  • Harsha

    [戒日王] (;  Kainichi-ō)

  • Healing Buddha

    [薬師仏] ( Yakushi-butsu)

  • Hearer of Many Teachings

    [多聞天] ( Tamon-ten)

  • Heart of the Abhidharma, The

    [阿毘曇心論] ( Abhidharma-hridaya-shāstra; Chin A-p’i-t’an-hsin-lun;  Abidon-shin-ron)

  • Heart of Wisdom Sutra

    [般若心経] ( Hannya-shingyō)

  • Heart Sutra

    [般若心経] ( Prajnāpāramitā-hridaya-sūtra; Chin Pan-jo-hsin-ching;  Hannya-shingyō)

  • Heat-Free Lake

    [無熱池] ( Munetchi)

  • heat stage

    [煗位・煗法] ( nan-i or nampō)

  • heaven

    [天] (, Pali deva-loka;  ten)

  • heavenly being among heavenly beings

    [天中天] (, Pali devātideva;  tenchū-ten)

  • heavenly devil

    [天魔] ( temma)

  • heavenly gods and benevolent deities

    [諸天善神] ( shoten-zenjin)

  • Heavenly King

    [天王如来] ( Devarāja;  Tennō-nyorai)

  • Heaven of Boundless Consciousness

    [識無辺処天] ( Shikimuhenjo-ten)

  • Heaven of Boundless Empty Space

    [空無辺処天] ( Kūmuhenjo-ten)

  • Heaven of Enjoying the Conjured

    [化楽天・楽変化天] ( Nirmānarati;  Keraku-ten or Rakuhenge-ten)

  • Heaven of Freely Enjoying Things Conjured by Others

    [他化自在天] ( Paranirmita-vasha-vartin;  Takejizai-ten)

  • Heaven of Great Brahmā

    [大梵天] ( Daibon-ten)

  • Heaven of Māra

    [魔天] ( Ma-ten)

  • Heaven of Neither Thought Nor No Thought

    [非想非非想天] ( Hisō-hihisō-ten)

  • Heaven of Nothingness

    [無所有処天] ( Mushousho-ten)

  • Heaven of the Four Heavenly Kings

    [四王天] ( Chātur-mahārāja-kāyika;  Shiō-ten)

  • Heaven of the Thirty-three Gods

    [三十三天] ( Sanjūsan-ten)

  • heavens of purity

    [浄居天] ( jōgo-ten)

  • Hei no Saemon

    [平左衛門] (d. 1293)

  • hell

    [地獄] (, Pali naraka or niraya;  jigoku)

  • hell of black cords

    [黒縄地獄] ( Kālasūtra;  Kokujō-jigoku)

  • hell of burning heat

    [焦熱地獄] ( Tapana;  Shōnetsu-jigoku)

  • hell of incessant suffering

    [無間地獄] (, Pali Avīchi;  Muken-jigoku)

  • hell of repeated rebirth for torture

    [等活地獄] ( Samjīva;  Tōkatsu-jigoku)

  • hell of the crimson lotus

    [紅蓮地獄] ( Padma;  Guren-jigoku)

  • heritage of the Law

    [血脈] ( kechimyaku or ketsumyaku)

  • hero of the world

    [世雄] ( seō)

  • Hiei, Mount

    [比叡山] ( Hiei-zan)

  • high grain prices

    [穀貴] ( kokki)

  • Hiki Yoshimoto

    [比企能本] (1202–1286)

  • Himatala

    [雪山下王] (;  Sessenge-ō)

  • Hinayana Buddhism

    [小乗仏教] ( Shōjō-bukkyō)

  • Hiranyavatī

    [熈連河] (, Pali;  Kiren-ga)

  • History of the Buddha’s Successors, A

    [付法蔵因縁伝] (Chin Fu-fa-tsang-yin-yüan-chuan;  Fuhōzō-innen-den)

  • Hōjō Yagenta

    [北条弥源太] (n.d.)

  • Hōki-bō

    [伯耆房]

  • Hokke school

    [法華宗] ( Hokke-shū)

  • Holy Eagle Peak

    [霊鷲山] ( Ryōju-sen)

  • Homma Rokurō Saemon

    [本間六郎左衛門] (n.d.)

  • Hōnen

    [法然] (1133–1212)

  • Hongan-ji

    [本願寺]

  • Hōren

    [法蓮]

  • horse-headed demons

    [馬頭] ( ashvashīrsha;  mezu)

  • Hōryū-ji

    [法隆寺]

  • Hoshina Gorō Tarō

    [星名五郎太郎] (n.d.)

  • Hossō school

    [法相宗] ( Hossō-shū)

  • householder

    [居士] ( griha-pati; Pali gaha-pati;  koji)

  • Hsien-shou

    [賢首] (PY Xianshou;  Genju)

  • Hsi-ming-ssu

    [西明寺] (PY Ximingsi;  Saimyō-ji)

  • Hsing-huang

    [興皇] (PY Xinghuang;  Kōkō)

  • Hsing-man

    [行満] (n.d.) (PY Xingman;  Gyōman)

  • Hsin-hsing

    [信行] (540–594) (PY Xinxing;  Shingyō)

  • Hsiu-ch’an-ssu

    [修禅寺] (PY Xiuchansi;  Shuzen-ji)

  • Hsüan-lang

    [玄朗] (673–754) (PY Xuanlang;  Genrō)

  • Hsüan-tsang

    [玄奘] (602–664) (PY Xuanzang;  Genjō)

  • Huai-kan

    [懐感] (n.d.) (PY Huaigan;  Ekan)

  • Hua-yen school

    [華厳宗] (PY Huayanzong;  Kegon-shū)

  • Hui-ch’ang Persecution

    [会昌の廃仏] ( Kaishō-no-haibutsu)

  • Hui-k’o

    [慧可] (487–593) (PY Huike;  Eka)

  • Hui-kuan

    [慧観] (n.d.) (PY Huiguan;  Ekan)

  • Hui-kuang

    [慧光] (468–537) (PY Huiguang;  Ekō)

  • Hui-kuo

    [恵果] (746–805) (PY Huiguo;  Keika)

  • Hui-neng

    [慧能] (638–713) (PY Huineng;  Enō)

  • Hui-ssu

    [慧思] (PY Huisi;  Eshi)

  • Hui-tz’u

    [慧次] (434–490) (PY Huici;  Eji)

  • Hui-wen

    [慧文] (n.d.) (PY Huiwen;  Emon)

  • Hui-yen

    [慧厳] (363–443) (PY Huiyan;  Egon)

  • Hui-yüan

    (1) [慧遠] (334–416) (PY Huiyuan;  Eon); (2) [慧遠] (523–592) (PY Huiyuan;  Eon); (3) [慧苑] (n.d.) (PY Huiyuan;  Eon)

  • hundred blessings

    [百福] ( hyaku-fuku)

  • hundred worlds and thousand factors

    [百界千如] ( hyakkai-sennyo)

  • Hung-jen

    [弘忍] (601–674) (PY Hongren;  Kōnin)

  • hungry spirits

    [餓鬼] ( preta;  gaki)

Hinayana Buddhism [小乗仏教] ( Shōjō-bukkyō): One of the two major streams of Buddhism, the other being Mahayana. Teachings that aim at attaining the state of arhat. After Shakyamuni Buddha’s death, the Buddhist Order experienced several schisms and eventually split into eighteen or twenty schools. The monks of these schools were concerned with preserving the Buddha’s teachings as they understood them, and devoted themselves to doctrinal studies. As a result, they produced abhidharma works, or doctrinal treatises and commentaries on the Buddha’s teachings. Over time, however, they tended toward reclusiveness, while placing greater emphasis on asceticism and doctrinal analysis. Around the end of the first century b.c.e. or the beginning of the first century c.e., a new Buddhist movement began to emerge among those who were dissatisfied with what they perceived as the sterile academicism and rigidity of the existing schools. Feeling it was important to model their behavior after that of the Buddha himself, they advocated bodhisattva practice, or practice to benefit others, and engaged themselves in instructing laypersons while practicing among them. These practitioners called themselves bodhisattvas and their teachings Mahayana (Great Vehicle), indicating that their teaching was the vehicle to transport a great many people to enlightenment. In contrast, they referred to the earlier schools as Hinayana (Lesser Vehicle), implying that these teachings could only address a selected few and could not lead to the ultimate goal of enlightenment. The designation Hinayana was derogatory, and these schools naturally did not apply the name to themselves. The Sanskrit hīna means lesser, and yāna, vehicle or teaching. Mahayana Buddhists regarded Hinayana teachings as the way of voice-hearers and cause-awakened ones who seek their own emancipation from delusion and suffering yet lack practice to benefit others. They held that Hinayana teachings were inferior to Mahayana teachings, which set forth the way of bodhisattvas who strive to attain enlightenment for themselves and help others achieve it as well.


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