new translations [新訳] ( shin’yaku): Also, newer translations. Buddhist sutras and treatises translated into Chinese by Hsüan-tsang (602–664) and those after him. Translations that were completed before Hsüan-tsang by contrast are referred to as “old translations.” Generally speaking, the new translations tend to be more literal, while the old translations are more interpretive and attempt to translate the Buddhist texts in a style that is easier to understand.