Asanga ［無著］ (n.d.) (;  Mujaku): A scholar of the Consciousness-Only doctrine in India who is thought to have lived in the fourth or fifth century. Born to a Brahman family at Purushapura in Gandhara, northern India, he contributed greatly to the systematization of the Consciousness-Only doctrine. Vasubandhu was his younger brother. According to The Record of the Western Regions, Asanga became a monk of the Mahīshāsaka school of Hinayana, but according to Paramārtha’s Biography of the Dharma Teacher Vasubandhu, he belonged to the Sarvāstivāda school. In either case, he later converted to the Mahayana teachings and succeeded in persuading Vasubandhu to do the same. The Biography of the Dharma Teacher Vasubandhu describes how Asanga, dissatisfied with the Hinayana view of non-substantiality, used his supernatural powers to ascend to the Tushita Heaven and there received the Mahayana doctrine of non-substantiality from Bodhisattva Maitreya. This is probably a mythicizing of his actually having studied the doctrine under a teacher named Maitreya, a contemporary historical figure. Asanga’s works include A Collection of Mahayana Treatises, The Summary of the Mahayana, The Treatise on the Diamond Wisdom Sutra, and The Accordance with “The Treatise on the Middle Way.”