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  • The Writings of Nichiren Daishonin I/II
    • Volume I
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  • The Lotus Sutra and Its Opening and Closing Sutras
  • The Record of the Orally Transmitted Teachings
  • The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism

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  • Gadgadasvara

    [妙音菩薩] (;  Myō’on-bosatsu)

  • Gainer of Great Authority

    [得大勢菩薩] ( Mahāsthāmaprāpta;  Tokudaisei-bosatsu)

  • Gakkō

    [月光] ()

  • gandha

    [香・乾陀] (, Pali;  kō or kenda)

  • Gandhara

    [ガンダーラ・健駄羅国] (, Pali Gandhāra;  Gandāra or Kendara-koku)

  • gandharva

    [乾闥婆] (;  kendatsuba)

  • Gangā

    [恒河・ガンジス河] (, Pali;  Gōga or Ganjisu-gawa)

  • Ganges River

    [恒河・ガンジス河] ( Gōga or Ganjisu-gawa)

  • Ganges sands

    [恒河沙] ( gōga-sha)

  • Gangō-ji

    [元興寺]

  • Ganjin

    [鑑真] (688–763) (; Chin Chien-chen)

  • garbhadhātu

    [胎蔵界] (;  taizō-kai)

  • garment-snatching demoness

    [奪衣婆] ( datsueba)

  • garment-suspending demon

    [懸衣翁] ( kenneō)

  • garuda

    [迦楼羅] (;  karura)

  • gāthā

    [偈・伽陀] (, Pali;  ge or kada)

  • gati

    [趣・道] (, Pali;  shu or dō)

  • Gautama

    [瞿曇] (; Pali Gotama;  Kudon)

  • Gautamī

    [憍曇弥] (;  Kyōdommi)

  • Gayā

    [伽耶城] (, Pali;  Gaya-jō)

  • Gayā Kāshyapa

    [伽耶迦葉] (; Pali Gayā Kassapa;  Gaya-kashō)

  • Gayāshīrsha, Mount

    [伽耶山・象頭山] (; Pali Gayāsīsa;  Gaya-sen or Zōzu-sen)

  • Gembō

    [玄昉] (d. 746)

  • general and specific viewpoints

    [総別の二義] ( sōbetsu-no-nigi)

  • general transfer

    [総付嘱] ( sō-fuzoku)

  • Genkō Era Biographies of Eminent Priests, The

    [元亨釈書] ( Genkō-shakusho)

  • Genkū

    [源空]

  • Gennin

    [源仁] (818–887)

  • Genshin

    [源信] (942–1017)

  • geya

    [祇夜・重頌] (;  giya or jūju)

  • ghee

    [醍醐味] ( daigo-mi)

  • Ghoshila

    [瞿師羅] (; Pali Ghosita;  Kushira)

  • Gien

    [義淵] (d. 728)

  • Gijō-bō

    [義浄房] (n.d.)

  • Girika

    [耆利柯・耆利] (n.d.) (;  Girika or Giri)

  • Gishin

    [義真] (781–833)

  • Gladly Seen

    [喜見菩薩] ( Kiken-bosatsu)

  • Gladly Seen by All Living Beings

    ( Sarva-sattva-priyadarshana) (1) [一切衆生喜見如来] ( Issai-shujō-kiken-nyorai); (2) [一切衆生喜見菩薩] ( Issai-shujō-kiken-bosatsu)

  • Glorious Kalpa

    [荘厳劫] ( Shōgon-kō)

  • Godānīya

    [瞿耶尼・牛貨洲] (;  Kuyani or Goke-shū)

  • god of fragrance

    [香神] ( kōjin)

  • god of the moon

    [月天] ( Gatten)

  • god of the sun

    [日天] ( Nitten)

  • Gohonzon

    [御本尊] ()

  • Gokuraku-ji

    [極楽寺]

  • gold circle

    [金輪] ( kānchana-mandala;  konrin)

  • Golden Color

    [金色王] ( Konjiki-ō)

  • Golden Light Sutra

    [金光明経] ( Suvarnaprabhāsa-sūtra or Suvarnaprabhāsottama-sūtra; Chin Chin-kuang-ming-ching;  Konkōmyō-kyō)

  • golden-winged bird

    [金翅鳥] ( konji-chō)

  • gold-wheel treasure

    [金輪宝] ( konrin-hō)

  • gold-wheel-turning king

    [金輪王・金輪聖王] ( konrin-ō or konrin-jō’ō)

  • Gomyō

    [護命] (750–834)

  • gongyō

    [勤行] ()

  • Gonsō

    [勤操] (758–827)

  • Gon’yo

    [厳誉] (n.d.)

  • good friend

    [善知識] ( kalyāna-mitra;  zen-chishiki)

  • Good Kalpa

    [善劫] ( Zen-kō)

  • Good Law Hall

    [善法堂] ( Zembō-dō)

  • good man

    [善男子] ( kula-putra;  zen-nanshi)

  • good root

    [善根] ( kushala-mūla;  zengon or zenkon)

  • Good to See

    [善見城] ( Zenken-jō)

  • Good Treasures

    [善財童子] ( Sudhana-shreshthi-dāraka or Sudhana;  Zenzai-dōji)

  • good woman

    [善女人] ( kula-duhitri;  zen-nyonin)

  • Gopikā

    [瞿夷] (;  Kui)

  • Gōsanze

    [降三世] ()

  • Gosho

    [御書] ()

  • Gotama

    [瞿曇] (Pali;  Kudon)

  • Gotamī

    [憍曇弥] (Pali;  Kyōdommi)

  • gradual teaching

    [漸教] ( zen-kyō)

  • Great Adornment

    (1) [大荘厳仏] ( Daishōgon-butsu); (2) [大荘厳菩薩] ( Daishōgon-bosatsu)

  • Great Arrogant Brahman

    [大慢婆羅門] (n.d.) ( Daiman-baramon)

  • Great Awesome Virtue

    [大威徳明王] ( Yamāntaka;  Daiitoku-myō’ō)

  • Great Canon of Monastic Rules, The

    [摩訶僧祇律] (Chin Mo-ho-seng-chih-lü;  Maka-sōgi-ritsu)

  • great citadel of the Avīchi hell

    [阿鼻大城] ( Abi-daijō)

  • great citadel of the hell of incessant suffering

    [無間大城] ( Muken-daijō)

  • Great Collection Sutra

    [大集経] (Chin Ta-chi-ching;  Daijikkyō)

  • Great Commander

    [太元帥明王] ( Ātavaka;  Taigensui-myō’ō, better known as Taigen-myō’ō)

  • Great Commentary on the Abhidharma, The

    [阿毘達磨大毘婆沙論] ( Abhidharma-mahāvibhāshā-shāstra; Chin A-p’i-ta-mo-ta-p’i-p’o-sha-lun;  Abidatsuma-daibibasha-ron)

  • Great Compassion Sutra

    [大悲経] (Chin Ta-pei-ching;  Daihi-kyō)

  • Great Concentration and Insight

    [摩訶止観] (Chin Mo-ho-chih-kuan;  Maka-shikan)

  • Great Forest Monastery

    [大林精舎] ( Mahāvana-vihāra;  Dairin-shōja)

  • great impartial wisdom

    [平等大慧] ( byōdō-daie)

  • Greatly Enlightened World-Honored One

    [大覚世尊] ( Daikaku-seson)

  • Great Ornament of Tales, The

    [大荘厳論経] ( Kalpanā-manditikā; Chin Ta-chuang-yen-lun-ching;  Daishōgon-rongyō)

  • Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra

    (1) [摩訶般若波羅蜜経] ( Panchavimshatisāhasrikā-prajnāpāramitā; Chin Mo-ho-pan-jo-po-lo-mi-ching;  Makahannya-haramitsu-kyō); (2) [摩訶般若波羅蜜経] ( Asht

  • Great Power

    [勢至菩薩] ( Mahāsthāmaprāpta;  Seishi-bosatsu)

  • great pure Law

    [大白法] ( daibyakuhō)

  • great south gate

    [南大門] ( nandaimon)

  • Great T’ang Dynasty Catalog of Buddhist Scriptures, The

    [大唐内典録] (Chin Ta-t’ang-nei-tien-lu;  Daitō-naiten-roku)

  • great teacher

    [大師] (Chin ta-shih;  daishi)

  • Great Treasure Chamber

    [大宝坊] ( Daihō-bō)

  • Great Universal Wisdom Excellence

    [大通智勝仏] ( Mahābhijnā-jnānābhibhū;  Daitsūchishō-butsu)

  • great vehicle

    [大乗] ( daijō)

  • great white ox cart

    [大白牛車] ( daibyaku-gosha)

  • great wisdom of equality

    [平等大慧] ( byōdō-daie)

  • Great Wisdom Sutra

    [大般若経] ( Mahāprajnāpāramitā-sūtra; Chin Ta-pan-jo-ching;  Daihannya-kyō)

  • Great Yüeh-chih

    [大月氏] ( Dai-gesshi)

  • greed

    [貪・貪欲・愛] (, Pali rāga;  ton, ton’yoku, or ai)

  • greed and stinginess

    [慳貪] ( kendon)

  • Gridhrakūta

    [耆闍崛山・霊鷲山] (; Pali Gijjhakūta;  Gishakussen or Ryōju-sen)

  • griha-pati

    [居士] (;  koji)

  • Guidelines for Believers of the Fuji School, The

    [富士一跡門徒存知の事] ( Fuji-isseki-monto-zonchi-no-koto)

  • Gunabhadra

    [求那跋陀羅] (394–468) (;  Gunabaddara)

  • Gunamati

    [徳慧] (n.d.) (;  Tokue)

  • Gunaprabha

    [徳光] (n.d.) (;  Tokukō)

  • Gunavarman

    [求那跋摩] (367–431) (;  Gunabatsuma)

  • Gurupādaka, Mount

    [尊足山] (;  Sonsoku-sen)

  • Gyōchi

    [行智] (n.d.)

  • Gyōhyō

    [行表] (724–797)

  • Gyōki

    [行基] (668–749)

  • Gyōnen

    [凝然] (1240–1321)

Gandhara [ガンダーラ・健駄羅国] (, Pali Gandhāra;  Gandāra or Kendara-koku): A historic region that includes the present Peshawar Division in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Gandhara had long been a crossroads of Indian, Iranian, Greek, and Roman cultural influences and also a center of Buddhist culture. Around the sixth century b.c.e., it was one of the sixteen great states of the Indian subcontinent. In the late sixth century b.c.e., it was annexed by the Persian Achaemenian Empire and remained under its rule for about two centuries. Gandhara fell under Greek rule after being conquered by Alexander the Great in the late fourth century b.c.e., and then was ruled by the Maurya dynasty of India. During the reign of King Ashoka of the Maurya dynasty in the third century b.c.e., Madhyāntika, a Buddhist monk, was sent by the king to Gandhara to disseminate the teachings of Buddhism. Later Gandhara was ruled by Indo-Greek kings, then by the Shakas, Parthians, and the Kushans. Kushan rule began in the first century; King Kanishka of that dynasty, who is generally believed to have reigned in the second century, made Purushapura, the present-day Peshawar, the capital of his empire. With his support Buddhism flourished in the new capital and reached its height during his reign. Both Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism were studied and practiced. Among the various schools, the Sarvāstivāda school of Hinayana particularly prospered. In the fourth century (the fifth century according to another account), Asanga and Vasubandhu lived in Gandhara where they contributed greatly to the propagation of Mahayana Buddhism. During the period of Kushan rule, many monasteries and stupas were built, but were destroyed by the Hephthalites, also known as the White Huns, who invaded the area in the fifth century. Hsüan-tsang, a Chinese priest who visited Gandhara in the seventh century, wrote in The Record of the Western Regions that it was a dependency of the Kapisha kingdom, and that more than one thousand monasteries had been devastated and a number of stupas reduced to ruins. In the twentieth century, archaeological expeditions into the Gandhara region were undertaken by John Marshall (1876–1958) and Alfred Foucher (1865–1952).
  Gandhara is also known as the birthplace of Gandhara art, a predominantly Buddhist style of art that flourished from the first through the fifth century. Artworks of this style have been found in what was ancient Gandhara and its surrounding regions extending to Taxila and Swat to the east and north, respectively, and to eastern Afghanistan to the west. Gandhara art, influenced by Greek and Roman artistic style, produced the earliest images of Shakyamuni Buddha. Before the rise of Gandhara art in the first century, relief sculptures depicting the events of the Buddha’s life existed but did not portray the Buddha himself. A wheel, an empty throne, a bodhi tree, an umbrella, or a pair of footprints were used as symbols to represent the Buddha. Gandhara art, however, depicted the Buddha for the first time in human form. Gandhara art had an important effect on Buddhist art as a whole in India, Central Asia, and China.


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