Contemplation on the Mind-Ground Sutra ［心地観経］ (Chin Hsin-ti-kuan-ching;  Shinjikan-gyō): A sutra translated by the Indian monk Prajnā, who went to China in 781. The eighth and last volume says that the states attained by Buddhas, bodhisattvas, cause-awakened ones, voice-hearers with nothing further to learn (arhat), and voice-hearers still in the process of learning—all originate from the minds of ordinary people. Thus it compares the mind to the ground, which produces grain. The sutra also defines the four debts of gratitude—those owed to one’s parents, to all living beings, to one’s sovereign, and to the three treasures of Buddhism—and extols the benefit of observing the mind in a quiet and remote place.