four views of the sal grove ［沙羅の四見］ ( shara-no-shiken): Also, four views or four perspectives. The sal grove refers to that located in the northern part of Kushinagara, India, where Shakyamuni Buddha died. Because of differences in people’s capacities and their states of life, they are said to perceive the same sal grove in four different ways: as the Land of Sages and Common Mortals, as the Land of Transition, as the Land of Actual Reward, and as the Land of Eternally Tranquil Light. This expression appears often in Buddhist texts and indicates that people view a particular thing or phenomenon in different ways according to their individual capacity and state of life. See also four kinds of lands.