five patriarchs of the Chinese Pure Land school ［浄土五祖］ ( Jōdo-goso): T’an-luan (476–542), Tao-ch’o (562–645), Shan-tao (613–681), Huai-kan (n.d.), and Shao-k’ang (d. 805). Hōnen (1133–1212), the founder of the Pure Land (Jōdo) school in Japan, designated these individuals as the five patriarchs of the Chinese Pure Land school, according to Shinran’s record of Hōnen’s remarks. This must have been Hōnen’s own assessment, since no such list is known to have existed in China.