Tao-hsin [道信] (580–651) (PY Daoxin; Dōshin): The fourth patriarch of the Zen (Ch’an) school in China. After studying under the third patriarch, Seng-ts’an, he trained his successor, Hung-jen, and other disciples. T’ai-tsung, the second emperor of the T’ang dynasty, heard of his virtue and three times summoned him to the capital, but Tao-hsin refused each time. Eventually the emperor threatened to behead him, but Tao-hsin remained adamant; impressed, the emperor forgave him.