ten pāramitās ［十波羅蜜］ ( jū-haramitsu or jipparamitsu): Ten kinds of practice carried out by bodhisattvas for their own enlightenment as well as for the enlightenment of other people. The ten pāramitās are the six pāramitās (almsgiving, keeping the precepts, forbearance, assiduousness, meditation, and the obtaining of wisdom) —plus the pāramitās of expedient means, the vow, power, and knowledge. The pāramitā of expedient means is to make full use of skillful means to benefit other people, and the pāramitā of the vow is to pledge to lead other people to enlightenment. The pāramitā of power is the power of practice, and the pāramitā of knowledge, the perfection of knowledge for the purpose of leading other people to enlightenment. These four practices are regarded as auxiliary to the six pāramitās. See also six pāramitās.