ten major disciples ［十大弟子］ ( jūdai-deshi): Shakyamuni Buddha’s ten principal disciples: Shāriputra, Mahākāshyapa, Ānanda, Subhūti, Pūrna, Maudgalyāyana, Kātyāyana, Aniruddha, Upāli, and Rāhula. Each was known as being foremost among all the Buddha’s disciples in a specific quality or area. Shāriputra was known as foremost in wisdom; Mahākāshyapa, in ascetic practices; Ānanda, in hearing the Buddha’s teachings; Subhūti, in understanding the doctrine of non-substantiality; Pūrna, in preaching the Law; Maudgalyāyana, in transcendental powers; Kātyāyana, in debate; Aniruddha, in divine insight; Upāli, in observing the precepts; and Rāhula, in inconspicuous practice.